Far from conceiving of language contact as an individual enterprise, these authors recognized that language contact is always the historical product of social forces. Weinreich laid out the concepts, principles and issues that govern empirical work in this field, and it has not been replaced by any later general treatment. Appendix a provides excerpts from the recordings of bilingual children from the respective areas, according to weinreich. Instances of deviations from the norms of a language as the. Yet until now, few linguists have been aware that its main themes were first laid out in weinreichs columbia university doctoral dissertation of 1951. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1. Reviewed by einar haugen, university of wisconsin 1. It is very important to classify bilinguals into different categories depending on the linguistic, cognitive, developmental and social dimensions. Highly influential in this regard was uriel weinreichs 1953 publication languages in contact.
Thus, in papua new guinea many people living in rural. Pdf on sep 1, 20, elvira glaser and others published uriel weinreich, languages in contact. Findings and problems 1953 marked a milestone in the study of multilingualism and language contact. A study of bilingual behavior 1953, and william mackeys significant article towards a redefinition of bilingualism 1956. The spanish language, with an estimated 300 million native speakers worldwide, comes in contact with many other languages.
The appearance of uriel weinreichs languages in contact. An introduction to the yiddish language and to jewish life and culture yivo, new york, 1st edition 1949, 6th edition 1999, isbn 0914512269. Thomason and kaufman 1988, aikhenvald 2002, heine and kuteva. French, german, and romansh in twentiethcentury switzerland.
Codeswitching in sociolinguistic studies according to wardhaugh 2010. Research problems in bilingualism with special reference to. In order for communications to take place, speakers must arrive at certain degree of comprehension of the other language and must acquire a degree of facility in producing utterances that will be comprehensible weinreich, 1953. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between contact and change remains incomplete.
As is selfevident from the prefixes bi and multi, bilingualism and multilingualism phenomena are devoted to the study of production, processing, and comprehension of two and more than two languages, respectively. One of those inspired by weinreichs book was hans vogt, whose language contacts 1954 is cited as the first article to use the term codeswitching in the field of linguistics. Language contact by kelechukwu u ihemere overdrive. Research over the past halfcentury, starting with weinreichs classic 1953 book languages in contact, has brought about a recognition of the importance of language contact for explanations of many linguistic changes. French, german and romansh in twentiethcentury switzerland publisher. Findings and problems 1953 marked a milestone in the study of multilingualism and language. In this book weinreich displayed his prodigious knowledge of european languages. A phrase book for travelers with beatrice weinreich. Reprinted by mouton, the hague in 1963, isbn number 9027926891. He was one of the founders of the american linguistic journals word and linguistics today. Languages in contact findings and problems by weinreich. Publications of the linguistic circle of new york, no.
In particular, haugens and weinreichs works published more or less. This remains the fundamental base for studies of multilingual communities and language shift. Since the inception of modern contact linguistics through the works of weinreich 1953 and haugen 1953, numerous investigators have studied the manifestations of language contact across different disciplines, naturally adopting varied perspectives and approaches relevant. Below are the possible formats for citing good practice guide articles. Yet until now, few linguists have been aware that its main themes were first laid out in weinreichs columbia university doctoral dissertation of 1951, research problems in bilingualism. An introduction to the yiddish language and to jewish life and culture 1949 went through five editions and ten printings within a 10year span. Bilingualism and multilingualism linguistics oxford. French, german and romansh in twentiethcentury switzerland9789027211873.
Their goal, as ours remains today, was to understand the. An investigation through different types of bilinguals and. The influence of l2 transfer on l3 english written production in a bilingual germanitalian population. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. This is particularly the case for weinreich, whose typology of linguistic. Languages in contact that appeared in 1953 weinreich 1953. Current interest in language contact research has clearly shifted from the analysis of. French, german and romansh in twentiethcentury switzerland. Weinreich was the first to note that those who learn second languages see linguistic forms from their first and second languages as equal. An important base for code switching research in the field of linguistics is uriel weinreichs 1953 languages in contact. Research on language contact has brought to light a broad range of fascinating transfer phenonema in languages across the world e.
Bilingualism multilingualism llas centre for languages. Yet until now, few linguists have been aware that its main themes were first laid out in weinreich s columbia university doctoral dissertation of 1951, research problems in bilingualism with special reference to switzerland. This is in contrast to cognates, which are words in two or more languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin, and calques, which involve translation. Rodgers knows about language change linguists have long recognized language contact as a harbinger of language change weinreich 1953, thomason and kaufman 1988, winford 20 i.
While contact linguistics has devoted a great deal of attention to the structural properties of contact phenomena and their sources in the input languages, the field has made much less progress in attending to weinreichs observation that language contact can best be understood only in a broad psychological and sociocultural setting. Along with weinreich 1953, haugens work on the norwegian language in america is considered to be a major turning point in the study of language contact, providing a comprehensive theory of language contact and taking into account social and psychological explanations for contact phenomena and their outcomes. Languages in contact 1953, henceforth lic, perhaps weinreichs most important work. Linguistic outcomes of language contact university of. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. An investigation through different types of bilinguals and bilingualism hamzeh moradi volumei, issueii september 2014 108 3. Uriel weinreich languages in contact, 1953 and einar haugen the norwegian language in america, 1953 are commonly regarded as the pioneers of languagecontact studies. Bilingualism and multilingualism is an interdisciplinary and complex field. Both haugen and weinreich were trained as linguists and their initial main focus was on describing and explaining the linguistic phenomena found in immigrant language contact situations.
Yet until now, few linguists have been aware that its main themes were first laid out in weinreichs columbia university doctoral dissertation of 1951, research problems in bilingualism with special reference to switzerland. By uriel weinreich, with a preface by andre martinet. He was primarily interested not in classroom language learners, but in the way languages influence each other when they come in contact. Introduction the publication in 1953 of languages in contact. Languages in contact national library of australia. Contact studies from the 1960s and 1970s are not anything like as copious as in the ensuing decades. In other words, languages spoken by bilinguals influence each other in various ways. If you are writing for a journal, please check the author. William labov, university of pennsylvania, department of linguistics. Weinreich was the author of a monograph on the mixing interference of languages and dialects languages in contact, 1953.
Uriel weinreich and the birth of modern contact linguistics. The other chapters in this section by britten on diffusion and. Crosslinguistic influence, l3 classroom, syntactic errors journal name. Findings and problems by uriel weinreich and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at.
A loanword also loan word or loanword is a word adopted from one language the donor language and incorporated into another language without translation. Weinreich, uriel article about weinreich, uriel by the. These range from countless indigenous tongues in latin america, to portuguese in europe and south america, to basque, catalan, galician, and other languages and dialects in spain, to arabic in spanish morroco, to english and philippine languages in the. Findings and problems 1952, based on his doctoral dissertation, became a standard reference work in its field. Findings and problems 1953, einar haugens the norwegian language in america. Language contact takes place between speakers of different languages in contact situations. Others display varying proficiencies in comprehension andor speaking skills depending on the immediate area of experience in which they are called upon to use their two languages. The publication of languages in contact in 1953, first reprinted in 1963, helped. Pdf uriel weinreich and the birth of modern contact. Article divided allegiance martinets preface to weinreichs languages in contact 1953 john e.
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